Danger of frustrated sensors: Role of Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors in aseptic and septic inflammations around total hip replacements
نویسندگان
چکیده
The innate immune sensors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), can recognize not only exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), but also endogenous molecules created upon tissue injury, sterile inflammation, and degeneration. Endogenous ligands are called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and include endogenous molecules released from activated and necrotic cells as well as damaged extracellular matrix. TLRs and NLRs can interact with various ligands derived from PAMPs and DAMPs, leading to activation and/or modulation of intracellular signalling pathways. Intensive research on the innate immune sensors, TLRs and NLRs, has brought new insights into the pathogenesis of not only various infectious and rheumatic diseases, but also aseptic foreign body granuloma and septic inflammation of failed total hip replacements (THRs). In this review, recent knowledge is summarized on the innate immune system, including TLRs and NLRs and their danger signals, with special reference to their possible role in the adverse local host response to THRs.
منابع مشابه
Different Profiles of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Expressions in Aseptic Loose Periprosthetic Tissues and Septic Synovial Membranes around Total Hip Implants
INTRODUCTION: Total hip replacement (THR) is a procedure that reliably provides pain relief and improves daily activity for patients suffering from destructive end stage hip joint disease. The main long-term complication of THR surgery is prosthetic loosening often combined with osteolysis. The causes of loosening are mainly divided into two major categories. One is the septic loosening caused ...
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